Theventharan A. Shamungam

Spiking studies were specifically designed to assess the impact of sampling parameter variability on swab recoveries. The qualification characteristics included accuracy, precision, linearity, and robustness. An eight-run Plackett-Burman design was used to assess the procedure’s robustness. 

		Recovery factors for correcting analytical results, taking into account recovery variability, were estimated from the data. The average and individual recoveries for each spiked level were greater than 70%, and the percentage relative standard deviations for overall precision at each spiked level were <20%. The method was found to be robust because none of the factors examined had a statistically significant effect on swab recovery. Results demonstrated that the swab-sampling procedure is suitable for use in cleaning validation.

		Regulatory guidance documents currently focus on sampling method effectiveness and demonstrating recovery (3–6). They do not provide specific recommendations on how recovery studies should be designed. A number of different approaches are currently used (7), but methods can be inconsistent, potentially resulting in poorly designed recovery studies, biased results, and misleading recovery factors. The authors research focuses on improving the understanding and assessment of potential sources of variability, presenting a real-world study of sampling methods. 


		Vol. 44, No. 7
		July 2020
		Pages: 38-45

				When citing this article, please refer to it as M. Ovais et al., "Qualification of a Swab Sampling Procedure for Cleaning Validation," 

Articles

The authors present a simple way to qualify a swab-sampling procedure for its ability to recover residues of a small-molecule API from cleaned equipment surfaces. 